Abigail Williams Character Essay

Abigail Williams Character Essay Being hung because of someone elses lies, selfishness, and lustful temptations, seems fair right? This is exactly what happened because of Abigail Williams. 19 people were hanged during the Salem Witch Trials, which was consequent of Abigail Williams lies, and selfishness. Abigail was the young women that John Proctor had an affair on his wife with. After the affair, she became obsessed with John, despite his constant reassurance that what he did was wrong, and that he was through with her. She became obsessed to that point that she drank blood, and did a dance with the devil in order to see Mrs. Proctor killed. After this didnt work, she began telling lies about seeing others (including Mrs. Proctor) with the devil, so that she would be hanged and she could possibly live a life with John. Analysis and study of Abigail Williams in The Crucible shows that she is a villain with manipulative skills, and is a compulsive liar, who is motivated by sexual temptation and John Proctor. Abigail Williams is a prime example of a villain because of her actions in The Crucible. One of the things that she does to portray her as villain is she lies about Tituba forcing her to drink blood, when really she did it under her own will. While Abigail was being pressured into saying who was involved with the Witchcraft she said, She (Tituba) makes me drink blood! (47). This resulted in Tituba being brutally beat and eventually sent back to her old country. Abigail also victimizes herself, in order to make it seem like she is innocent. For example she says, She sends her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer! (48) during a court session. Abigail is also really good at drawing attention away from herself because another time during a court hearing, when she was about to get proven a liar, she suddenly acted as if there was a demon in the room. She screamed with terror, Shes going to come down! Shes walking the beam! (120). All of these instances do a great job of sh owing that she knows how to play the role of a villain, by making herself seem innocent. Abigail has some major strengths that help her in being a villain, and those strengths are compulsive lying, and extremely good manipulative skills. Everyone knows that Mrs. Proctor is a goody woman in Salem; however, because she has something that Abigail wants she chooses to lie about the type of person she is in order to manipulate the way people view her by saying, Its a bitter woman, a lying, cold, sniveling woman, and I will not work for such a woman! (12). She also was asked if she was the one conjuring spirits and she answered by putting the blame and Tituba and Ruth. Abigail replied, Not I, sir Tituba and Ruth. (16). Betty (who has fallen sick and unconscious due to the conjuring of spirits) also even admits what she saw Abigail do, to kill Proctors wife. Betty exclaimed, You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctors wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! (20). Abigail consistently lies about the doing of other people and tries to manipulate other people s minds by scaring them. The root of all Abigails wrong doings come from her unjust motivations, which has to do with her lust for John Proctor. Even though John is married to Elizabeth, she still wants John and is willing to do anything for it. She even says to him, John- I am waitin for you every night. (22). She also continues to fantasize about her relationship (mainly fueled by lust) with John Proctor. In front of Betty while she was unconscious she said to John, I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I come near! Or did I dream that? Its she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now. (23) Abigail even ventures as far as to beg John to talk about his affection for her. She begs, Give me a word, John. A soft word. (23). All of her lies, sins, and vengeful feelings for Mrs. Proctor are consequential of her love and lust for John Proctor. Abigail Williams is a villain who is fueled by the motivations of lust for John Proctor, which brings out her manipulative strength and lying abilities. All the things that Abigail Williams did during the crucible, caused harm, uproar, and eventually death for a lot of people. If thats not a villain, what is?

Computers In The 1950s :: essays research papers

Computers in the 1950’s People have been in awe of computers since they were first invented. At first scientist said that computers would only be for government usage only. â€Å"Then when the scientists saw the potential computers had, scientist then predicted that by 1990 computers may one day invade the home of just about ever citizen in the world† (â€Å"History† Internet), the scientists were slightly wrong, because by 1990 computers were just beginning to catch on. Then a few years later when scientists when to major corporations to get help with a special project, the corporations said no, because computers would just be a fad and they wouldn’t make much money off of it. â€Å"By definition Abacus is the first computer (the proper definition of a computer is one who or that which computes) ever invented† (Internet). The subject of this term paper will be about computers in the 1950’s. The divisions that will be covered are; the types of computers there were, the memory capacity of computers, the programming languages of that time, and the uses of the computers for that time. Information will be gathered from the Internet, from books, and from magazines, and from the encyclopedia. Ali 2 In the fifties, computers were in the experimental stage they were extremely hard to work with, and were a constant technicians worst nightmare, because often enough you had to replace the fuses (s Appendix a). The memory capacity of that time was rather limited. â€Å"There were not many external drives, the only external drives of that time were I/O cards, I cards and O cards† (â€Å"Whirlwind† Internet) â€Å"computers of that time were capable of a multitude of small tasks, like data processing (i.e. IRS related material, and information storage.), word processing (i.e. extremely early model of Microsoft word), data analysis (i.e. survey taking), complex calculations (i.e. weather prediction) communications (i.e., the telephone system (switching))† (â€Å" Computers† Internet). The lack of the internal drive, even 1 k drives proved to be very hard on the computers of the 1950’s (â€Å"Hackers† Internet) â€Å"with out the hard drives, programmers had to leave everything running all the time or print what they typed for the day and retype it the next day or they could save it to a I/O card† (â€Å"Computers† Internet). All three of these choices posed as a problem from programmers of that time, as first off to leave on the computer would cost a lot of money as it required a lot of money to maintain them while they are on.

My Ambition to Become a Aeronautical Engineer

Aimless life is no lesser than a sin . Many people have no definite aim in life. They are like travellers going ahead without any destination. Someone has truly said that â€Å"Changes do not happen when circumstances improve it happens when we decide to change to ourselves . ’’Such people who lead an aimless life do not believe in hard work but, always depend on destiny. It is true that God has written our destiny but it is we who have to achieve it through hardwork.It is you, if you do not work efficiently you won’t achieve the best results of it. A person who has his goals set will never astray. He won’t be mislead by other temptations. He’ll be the master of his luck. He does not believe in destiny. He loves his work and he’ll be efficient towards it, and his energies won’t go waste. His health does not fail him. But, for people who have aimless lives won’t change his mood to change his track. If you have an ambition, you c an pursue it all your life and you are never tired.It drives you on and on quite tirelessly. It is necessary to decide in life that what you aspire to become. An engineer, a doctor, lawyer, scientist, philosopher or anything different from it. The whole world is open before a young man and he should make up his mind about his career/profession as soon as possible. Most of the people work to achieve money and fame, but why do people forget that they need to serve their country first. They need to pay their motherland.People should love their work. For them work should be their life. It is true that in this present world money is necessary but too much will pave a wrong path for you. That is why, I strongly desire to become an I. A. S. officer [Indian Administrative Service]. I want to thank my motherland first to give me such a beautiful land to live. I want to serve her upon my best. I know that an I. A. S. officer does not receive that amount of money to have luxurious lives.But I envisage that someone has truly said that â€Å"If your whole day has been good, then you are on the wrong path†. This means that if you have all the luxuries of life you will lose your simplicity and I being an officer want people to inspire from what I become. â€Å"Hate the sin, but not the sinner†. Do not ignore people who don’t be efficient towards their work, hate their habit. Atlast, I would only say that put up aims in your life at an early age, you’ll never astray and seek your aims with wonders and happiness of life.

Social Class and Inequality

Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other.One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources. In Canada, even though its impact is frequently minimized, social inequality exists, but because the majority of citizens associate exclusively with members of their own class, they are often unaware of the significant role social inequality co ntinues to play (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). An inadequate distribution of wealth remains â€Å"an important component† of Canada’s social inequities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Wealth can be defined as the amount of money or material items that an individual, family, or group controls and ultimately determines the status of a particular class (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Canada’s social classes can be divided into four, and the wealth is not distributed equally between them. First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent of the Canadian population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- col lar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The working class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Among these are the so-called working poor whose incomes alone are not sufficient enough for adequate food or shelter (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Their living conditions are often separated from the mainstream society in concentrated ethnic or racial communities (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The most impoverished members of this class are unable to generate any income and are completely reliant upon government welfare programs.One of the primary deciding factors as to what determines wealth, power, and social status is occupational prestige (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The growing disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). Nearly 16 percent of Canadians were categorized as being â€Å"below the poverty line† in the mid-1990s, and every month, close to a million people rely upon food banks to feed their families (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The income a particular class earns is determined in large part to the amount of education received, and yet in order to receive a higher education money is required.There is also a strong correlation between income and healthcare. The higher the income, the greater the number of quality medical services there are available (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The wealthy or upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class.Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006).Because of social exclusion, poverty is perpetuated with certain groups consistently shut out of the opportunities that might better equalize the social scales (Reutter et al, 2006). Canadian sociologist John Porter’s focused nearly entirely on power and class, his breakthrough research was published as The Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Social Class and Power in Canada in 1965 (Driedger, 2001).Porter explored the impact of race and ethnicity upon social mobility and noted that Canadian social history has been determined by ‘charter groups,’ mainly the English and the French situated in Ontario and Quebec, while the English were widely dispersed in both rural and urban locales, becoming increasingly urbanized as a result of industrialization and the fortunes being made, the Quebecois group was nearly exclusively rural in geography and philosophy (Driedger, 2001).Power examined how power relationships developed along social class lines and how the conflict among these charter groups influenced differences in social classes (Driedger, 2001). Acco rding to Hier & Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canada's elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste system (Hier ; Walby, 2006).A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p. 421). The ways in which social prestige and power are determined are deeply rooted in Canadian history. For instance, 1867’s British North America Act gave the British and the French the distinction of being a charter group that entitled them to a power, prestige (and of course wealth) that other groups wer e automatically denied unless they displayed a similar pedigree Driedger, 2001). The charter languages and cultures, though separate, would afford these members with exclusive privileges (Driedger, 2001). They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break through, most ethnic groups were consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001).There is a sharp distinction between industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources. The bankers exert the most social control, and because they have been historically more interested in protecting their own interests, the indigenous industrialized groups have been discouraged (Panitch, 1985). Southern Ontario remains the wealthy hub of the Canada’s industri al sector, while the indigenous groups and other lower classes remain both regionally and socially isolated (Panitch, 1985).Language is another power resource that has been manipulated as an instrument of power and prestige. While the French have long been a charter of Canadian society, as in the United States, being culturally separate has not meant equality in terms of class status. In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingual ism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access. These efforts have thus fall fallen short, and therefore Quebec annexation may one day become a reality.Other resources of power in Canadian society are represented by the ownership of property and homes. In Canada as in most parts of North America, homes represent wealth because of the â€Å"forced savings, investment appreciation, and protection against inflation† it represents (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338). Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for immigrant classes that is unlike anything else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and immigration status† (p. 338). There is, interestingly, a structure among immigrant classes that impacts on the ac cess to these resources with the immigrants who settled in Canada earlier enjoying much higher rates of home ownership than new immigrant arrivals (Gyimah et al, 2005). The lone exception is the Hong Kong business entrepreneurs that relocated to Canada when the Chinese regained control of the area (Gyimah et al, 2005).They had accumulated enough wealth in Hong Kong to bypass traditional barriers and secure housing usually reserved for charter members. On the opposite end of the spectrum, home ownership rates are lowest among the Blacks and Aboriginal classes (Gyimah et al, 2005). According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cu ltural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The fur trade justified this enslavement and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Those deemed more primitive were oppressed because of social perceptions of their â€Å"savagery, inferiority, and cultural weakness† (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Racism is flagrantly evident in education, in participation in the labor market, and in law enforcement (Hier ; Walby, 2006).When Ruck and Wortley studied the perceptions of high school students regarding school discipline through a questionnaire issued to nearly 2,000 Toronto students in grades 10 through 12, the ethnic groupings of Black/Afri can, Asian/South Asian, White European, and Other revealed that their perceptions of discipline discrimination were significantly higher than those students of White European backgrounds (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Therefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job.Lower social classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006).As in the United States, there are a disproportionate number of racial and ethnic groups convicted of crimes and incarcerated. This is believed to be due to racial profiling in law enforcement that tips the scales of justice away from people of color. According to a Royal Commission survey, the majority of respondents believe police are prejudiced against Black Canadians (Hier ; Walby, 2006). Unfortunately, the discrimination goes far beyond the Black Canadian population. The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada.The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005). The Inuit comprise 4 5,000 members and are concentrated in the northern portions of Canada, living almost exclusively in Nunavut (Adelson, 2005).These peoples have been the victims of racist social attitudes dating back to 1876’s Indian Act, in which colonization was officially determined through First Nations recognition status (Adelson, 2005). This affects the Native Americans and the Inuit (as a result of a 1939 amendment to the Act), but the Metis are not forced to register to achieve a â€Å"recognition of status† (Adelson, 2005, p . 45). What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005).Those groups are deprived of the education and basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their education at every level, which further reduces the ir opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005). In terms of employment and income, the average Aboriginal family’s income is substantially less than non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005).In 1991, the average Aboriginal income was $12,800, which was about half of the income of Canada’s non-Aboriginals (Adelson, 2005). Sociologists attribute the disparities in employment and income due to ethnic discrimination in the workplace, the lack of education accorded indigenous groups, the loss of property, and the â€Å"cultural genocide† they are forced to commit if they wish to assimilate (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basi s of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the Aboriginals living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005). This is in comparison to 7 percent of white Canadians of European origin (Adelson, 2005).In addition, Aboriginal homes are; twice as likely to be sorely in need of major repairs; about 90 times more likely to have no access to safe water supplied by pipes; five times more likely to have no type of bathroom facilities; and ten times more likely to have a toilet that does not flush (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). The Aborigines that do not live in government housing are exposed to appalling threats to their health and hygiene resulting from inferior housing, which has adversely affected their life expectancies (Adelson, 2005).Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nations’ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005). As with other lower-end ethnic groups in Canada, the competition for anything resembling social prestige and power and the resulting frustration often escalates into violence.Within the Aboriginal groups, substance abuse, physical and sexual violence, and suicides are all too Common place (Adelson, 2005). Domestic violence statistics are high, with 39 percent of this population reporting such instances (Adelson, 2005). According to the 1999 published statistics 38 percent of reported deaths between young people ages 10 to 19 are due to suicide caused by the hopelessness of povert y and lack of social power (Adelson, 2005).Although the Aboriginal groups that still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population.While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the overall population (Driedger, 2001). Immigration pattern changes that began following the Second World War are largely responsible for a greater number of Southeast Asians and Latin Americans to relocate to Canada (Driedger, 2001). By the 1980s, the number of British Canadia ns began to rapidly slip and by 2001, while the British ranked ninth in population, 73 percent of immigrant settlers were either Asian, Latin American, or African (Gyimah et al, 2005).Meanwhile, despite Canadian policymakers’ best intentions, social inequality persists because many of these immigrant classes are being denied their rightful participation in society. Although the French charter remains strong albeit geographically and culturally segregated and the British majority is floundering, the class determinants of charter membership and its perks that enable social inequality to continue are still in place.The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determines esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s soc ial classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N. (2005). The embodiment of inequity: Health disparities in Aboriginal Canada.Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(2), 45-61. Driedger, L. (2001). Changing visions in ethnic relations. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 421-451. Gyimah, S. O. , Walters, D. , ; Phythian, K. L. (2005). Ethnicity, immigration and housing wealth in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 14(2), 338-363. Hier, S. P. , ; Walby, K. (2006). Competing analytical paradigms in the sociological study of racism in Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, 26(1), 83-104.Macionis, J. J. , ; Gerber, L. M. (2006). Sociology (6th Canadian Ed. ). Retrieved May 21, 2008, from http://wps. pearsoned. ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438. cw/index. html. Panitch, L. (1985, April). Class and power in Canada. Monthly Review, 36(11), 1-13. Reutter, L. I. , Veenstra, G. , Stewart, M. J. , Raphael, D. , Love, R. , Makwarimba, E. , ; McMurray, S. (200 6). Attributions for poverty in Canada. The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 43(1), 1-22.

A combination of resources Essay Example

A combination of resources Essay Example A combination of resources Essay A combination of resources Essay Apart from legal political risks, Fly-Nice is also likely to face industry specific risks falling into four categories; hazard, financial, operational and strategic. 3 Many of these risks may be mitigated through creating a culture focused on the customer, developing a rigorous strategic planning process. Ways to solve the financial risks can be easy, mostly because of the third party involvements in this sector. The right design of financial transactions (for eg. Structured finance, insurance, debt/equity offerings) can be helpful in avoiding future problems. Operational risks can be lessened through organizational solutions, for example, process redesign, organization structural changes, seamless communication, contingency planning, performance measurement and resource allocation and pricing. A number of these challenges can be lessened in the first place through the selection of the business design itself. For example, Southwest Airlines is attractive to its customers because it is simple operationally and, therefore, cost effective. Other Southwest business design choices further lower risk exposure. For example, use of secondary airports insulates Southwest from direct competitive strain while improving turnaround speed. Low debt levels make the company less vulnerable to interest rate fluctuation. Also, along the dimensions of Porters Five Forces Theory, Fly-Nice would invariably meet the traditional challenges in entering a competitive market full of established players. Rivalry is also aggravated by the growth rates of the industry. While industry growth rates in European and North American countries are almost stagnant, there are emerging markets in Asia and South America where competition is intense. Also, airlines being a capital intensive industry, exit barriers are high resulting into excess capacity and consequently increased competitiveness. The power of buyers in a consumer oriented service industry is extraordinary. Customer expectations are high and if not satisfied results into loyalty switching. Innovation and customer satisfaction therefore is of utmost importance as products are almost non-differential making it easy for the customers to switch between competitors. In view of the risks involved, expansion of business is profitable only when the cost efficiency of operating the company is maintained. Maintaining and even improving cost efficiency requires an appropriate resource base and high cost management competency. Fly-Nice, in order to be consistently cost effective, must pay particular attention to the drivers of cost effectiveness or the cost drivers. Economies of scale: Since Fly-Nice is a service sector company, economies of scale are specially important in distribution and marketing. Also, use of the new Airbus with largest ever passenger carrying capacity will enable Fly-Nice to speed up turnaround rate. However, usage of a very high capacity aircraft also might push the company in the face of risks generating from empty seats. Supply costs: Expansion on a global level will require Fly-Nice to develop its supply chain network enormously. Purchase of aircrafts in bulk may be necessary, which may also give the company an option of negotiating for a bulk price. In-flight food and customer service equipments like pillows and crockery must be purchased in a way that retains the companys price advantage. Process design: Cost cutting in many cases comes through efficiency. Efficiency gains in production process can be gained through improvements in capacity-fill, labor productivity, yield from materials and working resources utilizations. In a service providing company like Fly-Nice, efficient management of capacity-fill is a key issue. So, marketing strategies like special offers, seasonal benefits and frequent flier programs and the possession of IT capability to optimize such efforts is a imperative. Experience: Although Fly-Nice is a successful domestic carrier, an international launching will invariable present it with a number of initial crises resulting from inexperience. Fly-Nices competitive advantage lies in its price competitiveness. To pursue its low price strategy, it must be ready to accept lower margins. Sustainable cost advantage can only be achieved through driving down cost throughout the value chain. Market segmentation and keeping the focus on the segment where price is valued over luxury is essential. Fly-Nice can also reduce their activity cost be outsourcing in areas where it is not very experienced. It must not fail to recognize the importance of consistently declining unit cost. In order to smoothen international entry and continual cost reduction, Fly-Nice may particularly consider strategic alliances with other international airlines. Alliances with either competitor airlines ( like using hub airports belonging to other airlines similar to Fly-Nice) or complementary service providers will lead to cost reduction and improved infrastructure. To enter global market, Fly-Nice will need local knowledge and expertise in order to satisfy the local customers. Alliances will assist the company in local marketing or distribution. Fly-Nice has an option of entering foreign markets by either joint ventures with other similar airlines or by direct foreign investment. Both options have their own advantage s and disadvantages. Joint ventures will allow Fly-Nice to lower their investment risk while increasing their know-how by a combination of resources. However choice of the right partners will prove to be of utmost importance should such strategy be followed. Joint ventures also often create problems in coordinating and integrating flight schedules across borders. On the other hand, if Fly-Nice decides to invest directly and create their own establishment overseas, it will incur enormous initial Investment cost. However full control of resources and capabilities will assist Fly-Nice in rapid market entry and in establishing their own brand image.

MOIGC Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

MOIGC 2 - Assignment Example This helped the firm to achieve competitive edge and creative adaptation for surviving in a turbulent economy. This paper is an extensive review of the leadership, cultural and structural activities implemented by Haier group. Innovation culture followed by Haier is described through its various initiatives such as Win-win model and OEC control groups. The paper also throws light on the various acquisition and expansion strategies which Haier took so as to achieve competitive edge. The company has evolved from being a profit oriented to customer oriented. The study has also analysed the critical relation between its internal innovation strategies and its importance while meeting the changing demands in a knowledge economy. Sufficient facts and information has been providing confirming that Haier has successfully established a fit state with the objective of maximising its opportunities for future innovation and gain sustainable competitive advantage. Marketers and analysts have long realized the importance of innovation. However, it is also true that for long term survival and success in any industry, it is essential to develop a powerful innovation culture. Such culture can be easily recognized within a firm which is known as an authentic and genuine innovator in the external marketplace. The culture is also known to harbour innovation friendly and dynamic environment in its internal workplace. It is also a known fact that innovation culture is very uncommon in the current business environment. A major factor behind this is the inclination towards predictability and stability as they are a readymade path for earning profit. On the contrary, innovation is about change and adaptation where survival and profits can be extremely difficult to achieve, at least during the first few years of implementation. So, innovation has become one of the top priorities for both large

Web-based training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Web-based training - Essay Example The world is discovering a new instructional tool, the Internet, which defies geographical, financial, and time boundaries.Member firms of the trade association worldwide are employing the World Wide Web to give employers, employees, and those wishing to gain knowledge more opportunities to learn. Web-based training and instruction strategies employ the Internet in delivering instructional information. A current training method can be supported by web-based instruction can support an existing teaching method or computer-based instructional methods can be used instead of the existing method of training. These act as an extension of businesses, firms, and industries in providing learning opportunities to various individuals such staff members and employees.Training via web-based instructional intervention and information literacy allows users to learn at their convenience as the Internet allows learning, instructing, and training to go on regardless of location and time. The instructio n is not limited to an office, conference room, or classroom at a set hour. Users work according to their learning style and pace. Traditional training and additional education usually causes users to work at the pace of others and various learning styles cannot be accommodated. Learning may be hindered. Additional advantages are online education provides more affordability, flexibility, and options. Also, opportunities for learning, growth, and increased jobs are also a plus with training via technology. There is much literature on the topic of transferring the skills to those who are being trained. The goal of empowering employees, staff members, and students to use resources without assistance can be achieved in a number of ways. Some of these different avenues include learning via general tours, special group sessions, online tutorials, semester-long courses, office training sessions, company training opportunities, or a combination of these. Student's Last Name 2 Aim To evaluate and gain a better understanding of web-based instructional (training) intervention and information technology and to determine the feasibility of delivering online training for a trade association or a similar organization Literature Review New technologies throw open possibilities of doing old things in a new way. This has happened in the provision of many services. "Education has not lagged behind in adopting the new technology in its service. It has welcomed the new Internet technology with open arms, and on its part, the Web has more votaries at its shrine than that of any other computer innovation," reports McCormack and Jones (1998, p. xi.). Knowledge provided traditionally by trainers and instructors is now accomplished via the Internet, computer-based training, and various methods delivered by technology. These delivery methods are now being used with traditional training and/or in place of the standard ways of learning and training. The use of the World Wide Web (WWW) as an instructional tool is gaining momentum as companies and businesses resort to it as a useful tool in the armoury of their professional devices. Students, professionals, and workers also use it in learning and training. Strategies that employ the Web as the repository for instructional information are known as Web- Based Instruction (WBI). Web-Based Instruction via information technology can support an existing teaching method or be used as a replacement, but according to McCormack and Jones, the former is currently the most common (p. 2). Web-Based Instruction (or training) can also provide tools and services that offer an extension of what teachers, parents, and other individuals try to teach and instill in their students, employees, and others. There are many websites that offer this service. One such example can be found at www.interventioncentral.org. Intervention Central (2006), found at this website, provides an